OLAP (or Online
Analytical Processing) has been growing in popularity due to the increase
in data volumes and the recognition of the business value of analytics. It uses
database tables (fact and dimension tables) to enable multidimensional viewing,
analysis and querying of large amounts of data. E.g. OLAP technology could
provide management with fast answers to complex queries on their operational
data or enable them to analyze their company's historical data for trends and
patterns.
OLAP allows business users
to slice and dice data at will. Normally data in an organization is distributed
in multiple data sources and are incompatible with each other. A retail
example: Point-of-sales data and sales made via call-center or the Web are
stored in different location and formats. It would a time consuming process for
an executive to obtain OLAP reports such as - What are the most popular
products purchased by customers between the ages 15 to 30?
Part of the OLAP
implementation process involves extracting data from the various data
repositories and making them compatible. Making data compatible involves
ensuring that the meaning of the data in one repository matches all other
repositories. An example of incompatible data: Customer ages can be stored as
birth date for purchases made over the web and stored as age categories (i.e.
between 15 and 30) for in store sales.The major OLAP vendors are Hyperion,
Cognos, Business Objects, MicroStrategy.
OLAPs are designed to give
an overview analysis of what happened. Hence the data storage (i.e. data
modeling) has to be set up differently. The most common method is called the
star design.
The central table in an
OLAP start data model is called the fact table. The surrounding tables are called
the dimensions. Using the above data model, it is possible to build reports
that answer questions such as:
- The supervisor that gave the most discounts.
- The quantity shipped on a particular date, month, year or quarter.
- In which pincode did product A sell the most.
To obtain answers, such as
the ones above, from a data model OLAP cubes
are created. OLAP cubes are not strictly cuboids - it is the name given to the
process of linking data from the different dimensions. The cubes can be
developed along business units such as sales or marketing.Or a giant cube can
be formed with all the dimensions.
OLAP can be a valuable and
rewarding business tool. Aside from producing reports, OLAP analysis can aid an
organization evaluate balanced scorecard targets.
Business
intelligence refers to computer-based methods for identifying and extracting
useful information from business data. OLAP (online analytical processing) as
the name suggest is a compilation of ways to query multi-dimensional databases.
OLAP
is a class of systems, which provide answers to multi-dimensional queries.Typically
OLAP is used for marketing, budgeting, forecasting and similar applications. It
goes without saying that the databases used for OLAP are configured for complex
and ad-hoc queries with a quick performance in mind. Typically a matrix is used
to display the output of an OLAP. The rows and columns are formed by the
dimensions of the query. They often use methods of aggregation on multiple
tables to obtain summaries.For example,it can be used to find out about the
sales of this year in Wal-Mart compared to last year? What is the prediction on
the sales in the next quarter? What can be said about the trend by looking at
the percentage change?
OLAP
tools provides multidimensional data analysis and they provide summaries of the
data but contrastingly, data mining focuses on ratios, patterns and influences
in the set of data.
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